Which type of esthetics work requires membership in a union?

The role of a film and TV makeup artist typically requires membership in a union due to the specific regulations and standards that govern the entertainment industry. Unions, such as the International Alliance of Theatrical Stage Employees (IATSE), provide training, certification, and various benefits to members which are essential for working on film and television sets. These benefits include protection of wages, health insurance, and negotiated contracts that ensure fair working conditions and hours.

In contrast, spa estheticians, freelance makeup artists, and mobile beauty therapists generally do not have a union affiliation. Their work environments can vary widely, and while they may adhere to certain industry standards and local regulations, they operate more independently or under different business models that do not necessitate union representation. Therefore, the requirement for union membership specifically aligns with the structured nature of work in film and television, distinguishing this role from the others listed.